List of Herbalists Spain

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List of Herbalists in Spain. 2200 Herbalists. 2100 Phones. 450 Emails

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Medicinal plants are those plants that can be used whole or in specific parts (leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, stems or roots) to treat diseases of people or animals. The therapeutic action (relief or improvement) is due to chemical substances called active ingredients1​ which are considered substances that exert a pharmacological, beneficial or harmful action on the living organism. The use of plants in traditional medicine dates back to prehistoric times, but current science has made it possible to identify, isolate and produce hundreds of active ingredients for the production of drugs used in the treatment of various diseases. However, the traditional use of medicinal plants still persists, especially in less industrialized societies with difficulties in accessing medicines. Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) coordinates a network to encourage the safe and rational use of traditional medicine, because, for the most part, not all medicinal plants are usually beneficial to the body, or simply the active ingredient. It must be carefully dosed.2​ The medicinal plant is usually prepared in different ways; in traditional medicine they are used in infusions, cooked, in poultices or in salads for direct consumption. Pharmaceutical technology allows the application of certain medicinal plant extracts in capsule, tablet, cream and syrup presentations.

Manuscript of Dioscorides' De Materia Medica, showing the supposed medicinal properties of mandrake.
The use of plant-based remedies dates back to prehistory, and was one of the most widespread forms of medicine, in which virtually all known cultures have evidence of the medicinal use of some plants. Although the use of plant species for therapeutic purposes is very old, at first it was linked to magic, each population built its beliefs in an attempt to understand its immediate environment, some cultures to this day preserve these beliefs and the Science has come to critically explain each plant, each extract, each formula, finding precisely the active principles responsible for biological activity. The current pharmaceutical industry has been based on modern scientific knowledge for the synthesis and production of some pharmacological molecules analogous to those present in certain plant species, and many derived substances are part of the active ingredients of modern medications, such as the famous aspirin3. (product of willow bark) or penicillin, which is also a plant product.

Furthermore, the scientific verification process has helped to find this type of molecules in several plant species traditionally used as medicinal plants, explaining certain therapeutic properties of these, along with discovering compounds that can serve as a basis for the development of new medicines for different applications. . Many of the drugs used today—such as opium, quinine, aspirin or digitalis—synthetically replicate or isolate the active ingredients of the same molecules present in traditional plant remedies used even in prehistoric times, even without knowledge of their active ingredients. . Its origin persists in etymologies - such as salicylic acid, so called because it is extracted from the bark of the willow (Salix spp.) or digitalis, from the plant of the same name.

The traditional Kallawaya doctors from Khanlaya (Bolivia) came to treat the malaria epidemic unleashed during the construction of the Panama Canal, around 1888. They used preparations of cinchona bark (Cinchona calisaya) to treat the disease.
The consumption of medicinal plants has been increasing in recent years throughout the world and their use is frequent in combination with medications prescribed by doctors. There is a widespread false belief that products made from plants are harmless and even advantageous due to their supposed “natural” nature, a reasoning that is not compatible with the fact that their therapeutic effect is attributed to their content of active ingredients with pharmacological activity. . This false perception is based on the tradition of its use rather than on systematic studies evaluating its safety, which generally do not exist. Without these studies, only those obvious, very frequent and immediate risks can be detected.6 Toxins and poisons, such as hemlock, cyanide, toxins from poisonous mushrooms and scorpion venom, are such natural products. like bee honey.

Like any medicine, plants can cause adverse reactions, poisoning from overdose or harmful interactions with other substances. Interactions of clinical relevance between plants and medications have been described, so it is essential to inform the doctor about the consumption of natural preparations. The same strict medical control is necessary with medicinal plants as with synthetic medications.

Likewise, problems of confusion between some plants and others, in addition to contamination with pesticides, heavy metals and medications, have been reported in products made from medicinal plants.

The bark of the cinchona tree (Cinchona officinalis) contains the alkaloid quinine. Traditionally used to treat malaria.
In 2004, the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs of Spain, through Order SCO/190/2004, of January 28, which established the list of plants whose sale to the public was prohibited or restricted due to their toxicity, intended to carry out a transposition of the list of plants published by the European Community on October 26, 1992, in which it also added 50 plants (from 147 to 197). After a contentious administrative appeal filed by the Spanish Association of Manufacturers of Preparations, Special Foods, Dietetics and Medicinal Plants (Afepadi),10 said order was annulled in June 2005,11 due to a substantial procedural defect, for having omitted its preparation the mandatory communication procedure to the European Commission.10​ Law 29/2006, of July 26, on guarantees and rational use of medicines and health products, attributes competence to the Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality to prepare a list of plants whose free sale to the public will be restricted or prohibited due to their toxicity, although at the moment this point has not been developed.​

In 2012, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a compendium of plant species that contain substances of possible risk or concern for human health when used in foods or food supplements, which updates a previous list of April 2009